Sonkeigo (尊敬語) — Respectful Language to Elevate Others
Sonkeigo raises the status of the person you’re speaking to or about. It’s used for superiors, clients, or strangers. For example, “言う (say)” becomes “おっしゃる,” and “行く (go)” becomes “いらっしゃる.” In business, you might say, “部長がご覧になる” (The manager will look at it). Misusing sonkeigo can seem rude, so it’s crucial in formal settings.
Kenjōgo (謙譲語) — Humble Language to Lower Yourself
Kenjōgo humbles yourself or your in-group to show respect. For example, “言う (say)” becomes “申す,” and “もらう (receive)” becomes “いただく.” In business, you’d say, “私が伺います” (I will go) or “資料を拝見しました” (I reviewed the document). This reflects Japanese culture’s emphasis on modesty.
Teineigo (丁寧語) — Basic Polite Language
Teineigo uses the “～です・～ます” form to make speech formal yet neutral. For example, “食べる (eat)” becomes “食べます,” and “行く (go)” becomes “行きます.” While casual speech is fine with friends, teineigo is expected in public or with strangers. It’s the foundation of polite communication!
Mastering honorifics will make your interpersonal relationships smoother and leave a positive impression in business settings. Why not learn proper keigo that’s effective in the business world together with us? Click here to check out our course!